Ratcliffe's random ramblings

The cited research is recently published here in open access . The citation is Cilke, T. R. R., Williams, M. M., Jones, N. T., Gibson, K. A., & Gray, A. E. (2025). Breaking the silence: Bystander reporting to law enforcement disrupts individuals moving toward targeted violence. Law and Human Behavior . Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/lhb0000630

Or more accurately, why officers 'think' about leaving policing. The easiest way to access a concise report on this reel is via the IACP . The full study available here is: Jacqueline M Drew, Elise Sargeant, Sherri Martin (2024) Why do police consider leaving the profession?: The interplay between job demand stress, burnout, psychological distress, and commitment, Policing: A Journal of Policy and Practice , Volume 18, 2024, paae036, https://doi.org/10.1093/police/paae036

The study cited is MacDonald J, Fagan J, Geller A (2016) The Effects of Local Police Surges on Crime and Arrests in New York City. PLoS ONE 11(6): e0157223. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0157223 The research study is open access so you can read the entire research report here .

Lorraine Mazerolle and colleagues undertook a systematic review of police-led legitimacy interventions to see if they had the desired outcome. The full citation is: Mazerolle, L., Bennett, S., Davis, J., Sargeant, E. and Manning, M. (2013), Legitimacy in Policing: A Systematic Review. Campbell Systematic Reviews , 9: i-147. https://doi.org/10.4073/csr.2013.1 You can read the entire study here , as it is open access.

The full study is available online and open access , and is Hodgkinson, W., Assaraf, N., Ariel, B., & Sutherland, A. (2025). Burglary...

Source: Kelling, G. L., Pate, T., Dieckman, D., & Brown, C. E. (1974). The Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment: A Summary Report ....

At the time of publishing this video, the full results have not yet been published. The results are from direct communication from Dave...

This report is from a 2024 Campbell Collaboration systematic review. The full citation is: Catlin, M., Wilson, D. B., Redlich, A. D., Bettens, T., Meissner, C. A., Bhatt, S., & Brandon, S. E. (2024). Interview and interrogation methods and their effects on true and false confessions: A systematic review update and extension. Campbell Systematic Reviews , 20(4), e1441. Here's the full report .

The video cites the work of Elisa Facchetti, in work published by the Institute of Fiscal Studies. I cited work from a pdf published on their website and available directly here .